Odissi – The Classical Dance of Orissa

Odissi is an ancient classical dance of India. It is an important part of the cultural heritage of the eastern state of Orissa. Today, Odissi is a globally known dance form. 

Based on the principles of the Natya-Shastra, the dance form has been in practice for 2000 years now. The dance was originally performed in Hindu temples as a form of worship to the Gods and Goddesses. It is an expressive dance form that is used to depict the stories from various Hindu scriptures. The dance moves are quite similar to that of Bharat Natyam. The practice of Odissi dance was suppressed during the Queen’s rule over the country. Post-independence Odissi dance has emerged out in a new form and has acclaimed its position as one of the top Indian classical dance forms. 

Odissi Performance 

Odissi dance is a graceful form of performance art. It is practiced by women most of the time. The movements are ecstatic and sensuous making it worth watching. The dance can be done in two different styles. One involves performing at a spiritual location which is done by the women. It involves delicate movements of the torso, head, hands, and feet. This style is also known as Mahari in Orissa. The second style, called Gotipua is performed by men dressed as women. This involves some athletic and more vigorous movements. It is performed during important festivals and celebrations for the entertainment of an audience. 

Odissi is a dance drama where musicians and dancers come together to portray some mythological story of the Hindu culture. The entire performance can be divided into various parts. The first part is an invocation, followed by pure dancing or Nritta. Then the dancers do an expressive dance where they use various body movements, create poses and change facial expressions. The next segment is a dance drama called Natya. The drama then moves to the climax where the movements become more intense followed by a slow and graceful end. 

The symmetric and rhythmic movements are key components of the dance. Odissi involves a lot of intricate footwork, hand gestures, and bending of the torso. Therefore, only trained individuals can dance. 

Dance Costume 

Odissi dancers need to follow a dress code when performing. The women wear a special type of silk saree known as the Patta sari. The saris used are in bright colors like red, green, or orange. It is paired with either a red or black blouse. A silk cloth with tasseled ends is tied around the waist over the sari. The pallu is pleated and pinned to the front making the costume look vibrant and colorful. The hair is tied into a bun or braided and white flowers are used to decorate the hair. A white Mukoot made of white shells and paper is also used to adorn the hair. Dancers wear silver jewelry like rings, earrings, anklets, toe rings, wristbands, necklaces, and much more. Make-up is also important for Odissi’s performance. The eyes and brows are highlighted with kohl, while the lips are colored with bright lipstick.